| Studio One Women refers not just to the small
selection of artists featured here. Women have taken integral roles
throughout the Studio One empire - starting with Doris Darlington,
mother of Clement Dodd. Indeed Sir Coxsone's Downbeat Soundsystem -
which ruled the dancehalls of Kingston throughout the 1950s and 60s -
started off as the musical entertainment for customers of Mrs
Darlington's Nannys Bar; and Coxsone sometimes referred to his mother as
"Jamaica's first female DJ", as she would play records at the bar
whenever he was on trips to the US hunting down R&B records. As the
Downbeat Soundsystem grew larger and played at Forresters Hall, Success,
Kings Lawn and other famous Kingston venues, Mrs Darlington would often
work a food stall on the night. When Brentford Road studios opened in
the early 1960s, Mrs Darlington continued to run a food stall for
workers, artists and musicians in the yard. "Mr Dodd's mother ran a
canteen in the back and she did very well, very well," remembers Norma
Dodd. "She was the queen of soupees, she could cook that dish very well.
So all the workers patronized her and ate the food from her kitchen -
which was very tasty!" In the late 1970s when the studio closed and
Clement Dodd moved his operation to New York, Mrs Darlington ran the
Muzik City store in Spanish Town, as well as the export side of the
business. Her death was a determining factor in Mr Dodd returning to
Jamaica. Norma Dodd met her future husband Clement whilst working in
Kingston. "We met on a street named Love Lane where I was working in a
store. Well, he used to admire me passing by there, which I didn't
realise until a friend of mine told me! And we made a date and got to be
friends and from there we eventually got married." Norma's role at
Studio One began in the Muzik City record store on the corner of Beeston
Street and Orange Street but with the opening of the studio at 13
Brentford Road and the expansion of Studio One, Norma Dodd's role grew
to include office and general manager, book-keeper and even writing
sleeve-notes. "Oh yes, that was my hobby, I enjoyed doing that a lot. I
used to love reading and poetry, and when we really started putting out
these albums, my husband came to me and said, "This is your job", and I
just started to write and that was it!"
With the passing of Clement Dodd in 2004, Norma Dodd - their daughter
Carol by her side - has taken over the running of the family business in
the Jamaican tradition of strong women involved in the music business -
such as Lucille 'Duchess' Reid (who ran her husband Duke Reid's Treasure
Isle label after his death), Sonia Pottinger and her Hi-Note label, and
Rita Marley and her administration of the Marley estate.
Rita Anderson came to Studio One as a young teenage member of the
all-female group The Soulettes, which originally featured Rita alongside
Marlene Gifford and Constantine Walker (both replaced by Hortense Lewis
and Cecile Campbell in 1969). Besides their own releases, the Soulettes
were backing vocalists on many Studio One sessions. It was at a
recording of The Wailers that Rita and Bob Marley fell in love. Marley
had been living at the time in the care of Clement Dodd who took care of
the wedding arrangements. As his career went into overdrive in the
1970s, Rita Marley became a member of the I-Threes, alongside Judy
Mowatt and another Studio One icon Marcia Griffiths, as well as
continuing a successful solo career.
Martcia Griffiths is one of Jamaica's most famous singers. She joined
Studio One in the mid-60s and soon hit the charts with classic tracks
such as 'Truly', 'Feel Like Jumping' and 'Tell Me Now', before recording
'Young Gifted And Black' for producer Harry Johnson with her partner Bob
Andy (another Studio One legend), as the decade ended. Her career still
thrives today.
Hortense Ellis - who died in 2000 - cut a series of duets at Studio
One with her brother Alton. She recorded for many Jamaican producers -
Duke Reid, Clive Chin. Winston Riley, Prince Buster, Jo Jo hookim, and
Lee Perry - as well as Sir Coxsone Dodd. From the late 1970s, the killer
discomix included here revives her brother's huge rocksteady hit of
1967, 'I'm Just A Guy'.
One woman at Studio One perhaps not so well known to the general
public is Enid Cumberland. In 1963 however, she was known to everyone as
one half of singing sensations Keith and Enid, whose 'Worried Over You'
was a huge hit. "It was number one for seven weeks and twenty one weeks
up and down the top ten. I was twenty-eight years old". At Brentford
Road, Enid came to have a number of roles aside from singing - one of
which was managing the record store at the front of the studio. "I
worked in the store doing sales. The shop was right at the front of the
studio building on the right hand side. Other girls were there and I
taught them how to arrange themselves and how to approach customers. We
sold releases from across the whole island, even foreign records. We
also sold jeans, shoes, audio tapes and even little accessories for
motor cars. It was a busy store, especially on weekends."
But probably her most important role was as vocal coach in the studio
and as leader of a backing vocal group alongside Larry Marshall and
Horace Andy. "Horace often says that if he didn't come to this studio he
would never have been able to harmonise. We did backing for Owen Grey,
John Holt, the Heptones and many more. The in-house bands we mainly
worked with were the Sound Dimension, Soul Defenders and the Selected
Few". Her other duties included tape-filling in the studio and helping
run the record manufacturing plant at the back of the studio. She still
helps out at the studio today: her contribution to the Studio One story
is immeasurable.
Outside of the Studio One ranks, the most important woman in its
history is Sister Ignatius. From 1939 to 2003, when she passed away aged
81, Sister Ignatius was head of the Alpha Boys School. This institution
for wayward children is responsible for the education of a large
proportion of the Jamaican music industry, many of whom were employed by
Studio One after leaving the school. Aside from jazz greats such as
Dizzy Reece, Joe Harriott, Wilton Gaynair, Rico Rodriguez and Eddie
Thornton who would leave the island to have international success, Alpha
was the school for Don Drummond, Johnny Moore, Tommy McCook and Lester
Sterling who would form the Skatalites, perhaps the most important group
in the history of Jamaican music. "Well I didn't ever see them in
concert, but a few times we saw them practicing at the Bournemouth club.
We used to take the boys down there because it was near the sea and they
would always want to see them play."
Sister Ignatius has claims to the throne of First Woman DJ that Mr
Dodd bestowed upon his mother. "Well I bought records from the 1940s
onwards. I remember buying records when they were 2/6 from
Montagues. Well he's long dead, those were the breakable records, and
then came the forty-fives, they cost 7/6. then later on we had
a lot of old boys who had their own records out. Then there was Don
Drummond who had 'Reload' and 'Eastern Standard Time', those were really
outstanding records."
"We had a sound system which I bought for £35 from an
ex-pupil and we used to play on Saturdays and the boys would play
dominoes and dance to Ska, because they liked to dance in those times
and Ska had its own movements. We played from after lunch to about five
in the evening. Then we would pack up and go."
This album is dedicated to Jennifer Lara who passed away in 2005.
Songs like 'I'm In Love' and 'Tell Me Where' defined a more soulful
reggae in the late 1970s and early 80s, which paved the way for the
crossover style of Lovers Rock in the UK. "It was 1979 when I first came
to Studio One, with Richard Ace. I was doing harmonies for him with two
other girls. It was Richard who first taught me. He booked the studio
and it was there I met Mr Dodd and he liked what I was doing so soon
after I started working here full-time and recording on my own."
"I'd be there everyday, because mostly what I did was harmonies on
songs by other artists, like Freddie McGregor, Johnny Osbourne, Willie
Williams, The Jay Tees, Angela Prince - a lot of artists."
"The first songs I did on the Studio One label were in late 1979. One
of the first was 'Consider Me', on the 'Movie star' rhythm. I liked
Betty Wright, Aretha Franklin, Evelyn King, a lot of the American soul
singers. It was a big influence on the music."
Jennifer Lara perhaps best summed up the spirit of Studio One and the
part of women at the label.
"My grandfather was Adrian Duncan, a great pianist, and I always used
to hear this song 'Worried Over You', so when I came here I asked sister
Enid if she knew my grandfather and from there on we were friends.
Angela Prince, that's my girl too - I tell you it was a family, we eat
together, we talk and sometime we even cry together. Get some food -
sometimes Mr Dodd's mother would cook some soupees - I miss that a lot!
I met a lot of artists here that were heroes of mine. Alton Ellis,
Hortense Ellis, John Holt, Ken Boothe - so many. You feel relaxed, you
feel loved because everybody was like a family and Mr Dodd is like you
can speak with him, you can joke with him, and Mrs Dodd is always like a
sister to me."
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